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1972\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u83f2\u5229\u6d66\u00b7\u7d22\u83b1\u5c14\u548c\u798f\u67ef\u90fd\u620f\u5267\u6027\u7684\u5206\u624b\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u4ed6\u540c\u5357\u5e0c\u548c\u62c9\u5e93-\u62c9\u5df4\u7279\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u52a0\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u4f3d\u5854\u5229\u5408\u5199\u7684\u300a\u53cd\u4fc4\u72c4\u6d66\u65af\u300b\u4e5f\u5728\u8fd9\u65f6\u51fa\u7248\u30023\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u540e\u548c\u5e0c\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u00b7\u963f\u52a0\u8f9b\u65af\u57fa\u7ed3\u4e0b\u4e86\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u604b\u60c5\u4e5f\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5e74\u30021973\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u521b\u4f5c\u300a\u4e27\u949f\u300b\uff0c\u7ed3\u8bc6\u4e86\u74e6\u96f7\u91cc\u5965\u00b7\u963f\u8fbe\u7c73\uff0c\u5e76\u81ea1975\u5e74\u8d77\u8fde\u7eed\u51e0\u4e2a\u590f\u5929\u90fd\u5230\u4ed6\u5bb6\u505a\u5ba2\u30021974\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u5357\u5e0c\u3001\u8003\u592b\u66fc\u3001\u5e0c\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u7b49\u516d\u4eba\u51c6\u5907\u521b\u4f5c\u4e00\u672c\u96c6\u4f53\u8457\u4f5c\u30021975\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u8036\u9c81\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4e3a\u671f\u4e09\u5e74\u30021976\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe\u7684\u540d\u58f0\u8fc5\u901f\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u5fb7\u66fc\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u529f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6ca1\u3002\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u662f\u4ece\u5927\u5b66\u4f53\u5236\u8fb9\u7f18\u8513\u5ef6\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5219\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u6d41\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e0\u7591\u7ed9\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1981\u5e7412\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u626c-\u80e1\u65af\u6559\u80b2\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5230\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\uff0c\u5728\u62c9\u8fea\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u00b7\u6d77\u8fbe\u5185\u514b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u8bb2\u8bfe\u3002\u56de\u7a0b\u5728\u673a\u573a\u884c\u674e\u68c0\u67e5\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u6c61\u201c\u8f6c\u79fb\u6bd2\u54c1\u201d\u800c\u88ab\u6263\u62bc\u30021982\u5e742\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8ba9\u4ed6\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u90a3\u4e9b\u5206\u624b\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u5173\u7cfb\u30021984\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u884c\u7a0b\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u5e76\u62c5\u4efb\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b66\u9662\u535a\u58eb\u5bfc\u5e08\uff0c\u8fd8\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u54f2\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u30021987\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u4e00\u672c\u6279\u8bc4\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u7684\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u89c2\u70b9\u7ecf\u4e0d\u8d77\u8003\u8bc1\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5f15\u706b\u70e7\u8eab\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u5fb7\u66fc\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e5f\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5377\u5165\u4e86\u8206\u8bba\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1990\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5230\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u53bb\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u5e0c\u814a\u3001\u5df4\u897f\u3001\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u3001\u667a\u5229\u7b49\u30021997\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5230\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u9694\u5e74\u53bb\u4e86\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u3001\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u548c\u5357\u975e\u30022001\u5e74\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u4ece80\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1b\u4e5d\u4e00\u4e00\u88ad\u51fb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5bf9\u6b64\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u56de\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2004\u5e7410\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u901d\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1972\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u83f2\u5229\u6d66\u00b7\u7d22\u83b1\u5c14\u548c\u798f\u67ef\u90fd\u620f\u5267\u6027\u7684\u5206\u624b\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u4ed6\u540c\u5357\u5e0c\u548c\u62c9\u5e93-\u62c9\u5df4\u7279\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u52a0\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u4f3d\u5854\u5229\u5408\u5199\u7684\u300a\u53cd\u4fc4\u72c4\u6d66\u65af\u300b\u4e5f\u5728\u8fd9\u65f6\u51fa\u7248\u30023\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u540e\u548c\u5e0c\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u00b7\u963f\u52a0\u8f9b\u65af\u57fa\u7ed3\u4e0b\u4e86\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u604b\u60c5\u4e5f\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5e74\u30021973\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u521b\u4f5c\u300a\u4e27\u949f\u300b\uff0c\u7ed3\u8bc6\u4e86\u74e6\u96f7\u91cc\u5965\u00b7\u963f\u8fbe\u7c73\uff0c\u5e76\u81ea1975\u5e74\u8d77\u8fde\u7eed\u51e0\u4e2a\u590f\u5929\u90fd\u5230\u4ed6\u5bb6\u505a\u5ba2\u30021974\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u5357\u5e0c\u3001\u8003\u592b\u66fc\u3001\u5e0c\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u7b49\u516d\u4eba\u51c6\u5907\u521b\u4f5c\u4e00\u672c\u96c6\u4f53\u8457\u4f5c\u30021975\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u8036\u9c81\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4e3a\u671f\u4e09\u5e74\u30021976\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe\u7684\u540d\u58f0\u8fc5\u901f\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u5fb7\u66fc\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u529f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6ca1\u3002\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u662f\u4ece\u5927\u5b66\u4f53\u5236\u8fb9\u7f18\u8513\u5ef6\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5219\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u6d41\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e0\u7591\u7ed9\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1981\u5e7412\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u626c-\u80e1\u65af\u6559\u80b2\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5230\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\uff0c\u5728\u62c9\u8fea\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u00b7\u6d77\u8fbe\u5185\u514b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u8bb2\u8bfe\u3002\u56de\u7a0b\u5728\u673a\u573a\u884c\u674e\u68c0\u67e5\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u6c61\u201c\u8f6c\u79fb\u6bd2\u54c1\u201d\u800c\u88ab\u6263\u62bc\u30021982\u5e742\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8ba9\u4ed6\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u90a3\u4e9b\u5206\u624b\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u5173\u7cfb\u30021984\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u884c\u7a0b\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u5e76\u62c5\u4efb\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b66\u9662\u535a\u58eb\u5bfc\u5e08\uff0c\u8fd8\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u54f2\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u30021987\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u4e00\u672c\u6279\u8bc4\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u7684\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u89c2\u70b9\u7ecf\u4e0d\u8d77\u8003\u8bc1\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5f15\u706b\u70e7\u8eab\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u5fb7\u66fc\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e5f\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5377\u5165\u4e86\u8206\u8bba\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1990\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5230\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u53bb\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u5e0c\u814a\u3001\u5df4\u897f\u3001\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u3001\u667a\u5229\u7b49\u30021997\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5230\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u9694\u5e74\u53bb\u4e86\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u3001\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u548c\u5357\u975e\u30022001\u5e74\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u4ece80\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1b\u4e5d\u4e00\u4e00\u88ad\u51fb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5bf9\u6b64\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u56de\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2004\u5e7410\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u901d\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u903b\u5404\u65af\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8bed\u97f3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e24\u9762\u3002\u903b\u5404\u65af\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u5373\u4ee5\u903b\u5404\u65af\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u6216\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u903b\u5404\u65af\u6709\u7406\u6027\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u8bdd\u8bed\u3001\u771f\u7406\u548c\u6839\u6e90\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff1b\u8bed\u97f3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u6307\u8bed\u97f3\u80fd\u591f\u5448\u73b0\u771f\u7406\u6216\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bed\u97f3\u548c\u903b\u5404\u65af(\u771f\u7406\u6216\u610f\u4e49)\u662f\u4e00\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e24\u9762\uff0c\u8bed\u97f3\u662f\u201c\u80fd\u6307\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u771f\u7406\u4e0e\u610f\u4e49\u662f(\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684)\u201c\u6240\u6307\u201d\uff0c\u7531\u8bed\u97f3\u5c06\u610f\u4e49\u663e\u73b0\u6216\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8bed\u97f3\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5728\u4f5c\u4e3a\u903b\u5404\u65af\u7684\u2018\u601d\u60f3\u2019\u5185\u90e8\u540c\u2018\u610f\u4e49\u2019\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u2018\u610f\u4e49\u2019\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u2018\u610f\u4e49\u2019\uff0c\u8a00\u8bf4\u2018\u610f\u4e49\u2019\u548c\u6784\u9020\u2018\u610f\u4e49\u2019\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u76f8\u8fd1\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u53c8\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u2026\u903b\u5404\u65af\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u97f3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u8bed\u97f3\u4e0e\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u4e0e\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u610f\u4e49\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u4e0e\u610f\u4e49\u4e4b\u7406\u60f3\u6027\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u76f8\u8fd1\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u53c8\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u903b\u5404\u65af\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c06\u652f\u6301\u628a\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u5b58\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5728\u573a(\u6216\u5448\u73b0)\u3002\u201d\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u4ece\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u903b\u5404\u65af\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ca\u8bed\u97f3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u903b\u5404\u65af\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u7075\u9b42\u5185\u90e8\u4e0d\u53d1\u51fa\u58f0\u97f3\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u5b83\u53d1\u51fa\u58f0\u97f3\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u903b\u5404\u65af(\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3001\u5224\u65ad)\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u7075\u9b42\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff1b\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4e0d\u4f46\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7406\u6027\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7684\u903b\u5404\u65af\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4ece\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u65f6\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u5c31\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u5f53\u6210\u552f\u4e00\u201c\u6b63\u5f53\u201d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u628a\u8bb2\u975e\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u7684\u5f02\u65cf\uff0c\u7edf\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3abarbarians\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u91ce\u86ee\u4eba\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7684\u4eba\u201d(\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7ed3\u7ed3\u5df4\u5df4\u7684\u4eba)\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5c31\u53d7\u5230\u5e0c\u814a\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u95e8\u5f92\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5728\u300a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u300b\u4e00\u5f00\u5934\u5c31\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u592a\u521d\u6709\u9053(Logos)\uff0c\u9053\u4e0e\u795e\u540c\u5728\uff0c\u9053\u5c31\u662f\u795e\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u9053\u201d(Logos)\u6709\u8bf4\u8bdd\u548c\u771f\u7406\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u548c\u5e0c\u814a\u601d\u60f3\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u771f\u7406\u4e0e\u8bdd\u8bed\u662f\u4e00\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e24\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u771f\u7406\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u628aLogos\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u9053\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u4ea6\u5f88\u8d34\u5207\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6c49\u5b57\u201c\u9053\u201d\u4ea6\u6709\u8bf4\u8bdd\u548c\u771f\u7406\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u610f\u601d\u3002\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u903b\u5404\u65af\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8bed\u97f3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u6807\u4e3e\u771f\u7406\u6216\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u5728\u573a\u51fa\u5e2d\u201d(presence)\uff0c\u7a81\u663e\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u6216\u628a\u4eba\u9650\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u8fd9\u5168\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u865a\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u63ed\u529b\u98a0\u8986\u6216\u89e3\u6784\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u903b\u5404\u65af\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8bed\u97f3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u7edd\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u548c\u5851\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u540c\u4e00(identical)\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u751f\u547d\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe\u7684\u89e3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u4e66\u5199\u53bb\u98a0\u8986\u8bed\u97f3\u3001\u7528\u5dee\u5f02\u53bb\u98a0\u8986\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u53d7\u5230\u8bed\u97f3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bdd\u8bed\u4f18\u4e8e\u4e66\u5199\uff0c\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0e\u771f\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u4f53\u4e24\u9762\uff0c\u8bdd\u8bed\u4f7f\u771f\u7406\u6216\u610f\u4e49\u201c\u5728\u573a\u51fa\u5e2d\u201d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8bed\u97f3\u4f7f\u610f\u4e49\u91cd\u73b0\uff0c\u610f\u4e49\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u540c\u4e00\uff1b\u5173\u4e8e\u4e66\u5199\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5982\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u3001\u5362\u68ad\u3001\u674e\u7ef4\u53f2\u9640\u7b49\u90fd\u8868\u793a\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e66\u5199\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u610f\u4e49\u201d(meaning)\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5f02\u5316(alienation)\uff0c\u5b83\u5f15\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e4b\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e0e\u539f\u672c\u610f\u601d\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e4b\u5f02\u5316\u6700\u660e\u663e\u5730\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff1a\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u7f3a\u5e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u4e66\u5199\u7b26\u53f7\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u6709\u6307\u6d89\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u80fd\u591f\u6307\u63a7\u4e66\u5199\u72af\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u5f11\u7236\u7f6a\u3002\u4e66\u5199\u7b26\u53f7\u50cf\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u79c1\u751f\u5b50\uff0c\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u751f\u517b\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff1b\u8bdd\u8bed\u624d\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u6307\u7684\u662f\u201c\u94ed\u523b\u5728\u7075\u9b42\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u667a\u8a00\u8bcd(word)\u201d\u3001\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e4b\u6d3b\u7684\u8a00\u8bcd(living word)\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e66\u5199\u8bcd\u8bed(written word)\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8bed\u97f3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe\u5229\u7528\u4e66\u5199\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u3001\u6b67\u4e49\u6027\u6216\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u53bb\u98a0\u8986\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u4e0e\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u3002\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e66\u5199\u6587\u5b57\u65e2\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u539f\u4f5c\u8005\u800c\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u65f6\u5f85\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u5f85\u8be0\u91ca\u548c\u5f85\u8d4b\u4e88\u65b0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4e66\u5199\u6587\u5b57\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u80fd\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u4f53\u7cfb\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u89e3\u6784\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u8be0\u91ca(hermeneutics)\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5ef6\u5f02\u201d(differance)\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6e38\u620f\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe\u7684\u201c\u5728\u5ef6\u5f02\u4e2d\u89e3\u6784\u201d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u8be0\u91ca\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u6587\u672c(text)\u7684\u539f\u521b\u4f5c\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1b\u9605\u8bfb\u5c31\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u9605\u8bfb(reading is mis-reading)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201c\u5ef6\u5f02\u201d(differance)\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u65ad\u4ea7\u751f\u5dee\u5f02(difference)\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6e38\u620f\u6216\u5c55\u73b0\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u6e90\u5934(differentiating origin of differences)\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u672c\u6e90\u7684\u5ef6\u5f02\u201d(originary differance)\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6e90\u5934\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6ee1(non-full)\u53ca\u590d\u6742\u7684(non-simple)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u201c\u6e90\u5934\u201d(origin)\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u53c8\u4e0d\u592a\u5408\u9002\u3002\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe\u7684\u201c\u5ef6\u5f02\u201d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4f3c\u4e4e\u542f\u53d1\u81ea\u5c3c\u91c7\u3001\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f9d\u5fb7\u3001\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u3001\u62c9\u5eb7\u548c\u5217\u7ef4\u7eb3\u65af\u7b49\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5ef6\u5f02\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u6666\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u4e4b\u5f02\u57df\u201d(alterity of the unconscious)\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u3001\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709\u6e05\u660e\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u3001\u5728\u573a\u7684\u89c6\u57df\uff1b\u5b83\u5982\u5c3c\u91c7\u7684\u6743\u529b\u610f\u5fd7\u3001\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f9d\u5fb7\u7684\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6(\u6216\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6)\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6e38\u620f\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7686\u6e90\u81ea\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ef6\u5f02\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u4ea6\u53ea\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u865a\u6784\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5e94\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u5ef6\u5f02\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u662f\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u5ef6\u5f02\u5219\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u201c\u6e90\u5934\u201d\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u4f20\u7edf\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u4e60\u60ef\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8c\u5143\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u4e8b\u7269\u533a\u522b\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u51dd\u56fa\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u628a\u65f6\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u53d8\u5316\u538b\u6291\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u53bb\u663e\u51fa\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u540c\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u865a\u6784\u3002\u5728\u5ef6\u5f02\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8c\u5143\u5bf9\u7acb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5c06\u53d8\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7684\u5ef6\u5f02\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u5ef6\u5f02\u4e2d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7684\u5ef6\u5f02\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5bf9\u7acb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u865a\u6784\u3002\u201c\u5ef6\u5f02\u201d\u518d\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8a00\u8bcd(word)\u6216\u7b26\u53f7(sign)\u53bb\u6307\u6d89\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u573a\u51fa\u5e2d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6216\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u5b83\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9690\u6666\u7684\u5f02\u57df\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u5728\u201c\u5ef6\u5f02\u201d\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u81ea\u6211\u4ea7\u751f\u6216\u521b\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u903b\u5404\u65af\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u652f\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe\u5229\u7528\u201c\u5ef6\u5f02\u201d(differance)\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53cc\u4e49\u8bcd\u53bb\u98a0\u8986\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u8bed\u97f3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3adifferance\u4e0edifference\u5728\u8bed\u97f3\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u8fa8\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5ef6\u5f02\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u5ef6\u8fdf(differer, defer)\uff1b\u4e8c\u3001\u5dee\u5f02(difference)\u3002\u7531\u4e8ediffe-rance(\u4e2d\u7684a)\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7531\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd(present participle) differant\u6240\u6d3e\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u52a8\u8bcddifferer\u4e4b\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800cdifference(\u5dee\u5f02)\u53ea\u662fdiff-erer\u4e4b\u4f5c\u7528\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u5ef6\u5f02\u201d(differance)\u6709\u201c\u5ef6\u7f13\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5dee\u5f02\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6e38\u620f\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u662f\u201c\u5dee\u5f02\u201d\u4e4b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u5ef6\u5f02\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5ef6\u7f13\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5ef6\u5f02\u56e0\u6b64\u4ea6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u610f\u6307\u5173\u7cfb(signification)\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u6307\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8(movement of signification)\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e66\u5199\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u53ca\u6b67\u4e49\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ef6\u5f02\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u6587\u672c(text)\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027\u8be0\u91ca\u4e2d\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7edd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u5e95\u7684(bottomless)\u68cb\u76d8\u6e38\u620f(chessboard)\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u98a0\u8986\u897f\u65b9\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe\u7684\u5728\u8be0\u91ca\u4e2d\u5ef6\u5f02\u7684\u89e3\u6784\u6e38\u620f\u6d3b\u52a8\u6216\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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