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\u5f53\u5fb7\u83f2\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u751f\u6daf\u5c06\u4ed6\u6307\u6d3e\u5230\u7a81\u5c3c\u65af\u540e\uff0c\u798f\u67ef\u8ddf\u7740\u5fb7\u83f2\u6765\u5230\u7a81\u5c3c\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e861968\u5e74\u7684\u5b66\u6f6e\u3002\u4ed6\u53d7\u8fd9\u573a\u5b66\u6f6e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5f88\u6df1\u3002\u9274\u4e8e1968\u5e74\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u8fd1\u90ca\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u68b5\u68ee\u5927\u5b66\uff08\u5df4\u9ece\u7b2c\u516b\u5927\u5b66\u524d\u8eab\uff09 \uff0c\u798f\u67ef\u6210\u4e3a\u5176\u54f2\u5b66\u7cfb\u7684\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002\u4ed6\u4efb\u547d\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u5de6\u6d3e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8feb\u4f7f\u6cd5\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u64a4\u56de\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7684\u4efb\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u5f20\u89c2\u70b9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\u300a\u53e4\u5178\u6642\u671f\u760b\u72c2\u53f2\u300b\uff08Histoire de la folie \u00e0 l’\u00e2ge classique – Folie et d\u00e9raison\uff09\u65bc1961\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u798f\u67ef\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u91cd\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u745e\u5178\u6559\u6cd5\u8a9e\u65f6\u5199\u7684\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u7e2e\u5beb\u672c\u540d\u70ba\u300a\u760b\u7672\u8207\u6587\u660e\u300b\uff08Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason)\u3002\u5b83\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u75af\u72c2\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u3002 \u798f\u67ef\u7684\u5206\u6790\u59cb\u4e8e\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u63cf\u5199\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u4eba\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u9ebb\u98ce\u75c5\u4eba\u5173\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f00\u59cb\u4ed6\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e8615\u4e16\u7eaa\u611a\u4eba\u8239\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c17\u4e16\u7eaa\u6cd5\u56fd\u5bf9\u76d1\u7981\u7684\u7a81\u7136\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4ed6\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u75af\u72c2\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u770b\u505a\u4e00\u79cd\u5973\u4eba\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u75c5\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u5b50\u5bab\u5728\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u7ed5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u8d77\u75af\u72c2\u3002\u540e\u6765\u75af\u72c2\u88ab\u770b\u505a\u662f\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u897f\u683c\u8499\u5fb7\u00b7\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\uff0c\u75af\u72c2\u88ab\u770b\u505a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u3002 \u798f\u67ef\u8fd8\u7528\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u63a2\u8ba8\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u600e\u6837\u5bf9\u5f85\u75af\u5b50\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u5c06\u75af\u5b50\u63a5\u53d7\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5230\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u505a\u5fc5\u987b\u5173\u95ed\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8bd5\u56fe\u6cbb\u7597\u75af\u72c2\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u4ed6\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u76ae\u5185\u5c14\u548c\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u00b7\u56fe\u514b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u65ad\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6b8b\u66b4\u548c\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u3002\u56fe\u514b\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u75af\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u60e9\u7f5a\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u6765\u6a21\u4eff\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4ed6\u662f\u7528\u6050\u5413\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u50cf\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u76ae\u5185\u5c14\u4f7f\u7528\u538c\u6076\u7597\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u51b7\u6c34\u6d74\u548c\u7d27\u8eab\u670d\u3002\u5728\u798f\u67ef\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7597\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u66b4\u884c\u76f4\u5230\u75c5\u4eba\u5c06\u5ba1\u5224\u548c\u60e9\u7f5a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5185\u5316\u4e86\u3002 \u300a\u53e4\u5178\u6642\u671f\u760b\u72c2\u53f2\u300b\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u666e\u904d\u610f\u8b58\u578b\u614b\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u793e\u6703\u89c0\u5ff5\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u9053\u5fb7\u6a19\u6e96\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u884c\u70ba\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u65e2\u63ed\u793a\u3002 \u798f\u67ef\u70ba\u6cd5\u570b60\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u8457\u4f5c\u6b64\u66f8\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u65bc\u62a8\u64ca\u793e\u6703\u6a5f\u69cb\u900f\u904e\u91ab\u7642\u5316\u793e\u6703\uff08medicalized society\uff09\u5c07\u4eba\u5206\u70ba\u300c\u6b63\u5e38\u300d\u8207\u300c\u975e\u6b63\u5e38\u300d\u3002\u6b64\u66f8\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5373\u63f4\u5f15\u5e15\u65af\u5361\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u985e\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u760b\u7672\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u760b\u7672\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u760b\u7672\u300d\uff0c\u8868\u9054\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u898f\u8a13\u7684\u4e0d\u6eff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300a\u89c4\u8bad\u4e0e\u60e9\u7f5a\u300b\uff08Surveiller et punir: naissance de la prison\uff09\u51fa\u7248\u4e8e1975\u5e74\u3002\u5b83\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u524d\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u3001\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u6b7b\u5211\u6216\u9177\u5211\uff09\u6e10\u6e10\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u798f\u67ef\u63d0\u5230\u81ea\u4ece\u76d1\u72f1\u88ab\u53d1\u660e\u4ee5\u6765\u5b83\u88ab\u770b\u505a\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5bf9\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u5f84\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u798f\u67ef\u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u5bf9\u7f6a\u72af\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\u4e0e\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u4e24\u8005\u4e92\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u798f\u67ef\u5c06\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u6bd4\u505a\u908a\u6c81\u7684\u300a\u5168\u666f\u76d1\u72f1\u300b\uff08Panopticon\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u5c0f\u6279\u770b\u5b88\u53ef\u4ee5\u76d1\u89c6\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u56da\u72af\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5374\u4e0d\u88ab\u770b\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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